Flow cytometry can be adapted in many ways to measure the fluorescence lifetime.

Photograph of an acoustic-focusing flow cytometer under development for time-resolved analysis

Below is a list of ways in which our laboratory has (past & present) been developing techniques to easily, sensitively, and with high resolution, measure fluorescence dynamics at the throughput of a flow cytometer.

• Frequency domain (analysis of average lifetime as parameter)
• Frequency domain (sorting based on average lifetime)
• Frequency domain (analysis of multiple lifetimes using multi-frequency)
• Frequency domain (analysis of phase and modulation lifetimes for phasor graphing)
• Frequency domain (sorting cells based on a phase-filtering approach)
• Frequency domain (analysis of very short lifetimes by leveraging aliased frequencies higher than Nyquist)
• Hybrid time domain (analysis with capture of full decay kinetics)
• Non-frequency or time (analysis of average lifetime based on cytometric peak-to-peak analysis)